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PHILOSOPHY Indian philosophy comprises the philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent. There are six schools of orthodox Hindu philosophy—Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, M ī m āṃ s ā and Vedanta — and four heterodox schools—Jain, Buddhist, Ā j ī vika and C ā rv ā ka – last two are also schools of Hinduism.However, there are other methods of classification; Vidyarania for instance identifies sixteen schools of Indian philosophy by including those that belong to the Ś aiva and Rase ś vara traditions.Since medieval India (ca.1000–1500), schools of Indian philosophical thought have been classified by the Brahmanical tradition as either orthodox or non-orthodox – ā stika or n ā stika – depending on whether they regard the Vedas as an infallible source of knowledge. The main schools of Indian philosophy were formalised chiefly between 1000 BCE to the early centuries of the Common Era. According to philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the earliest of these, which date...
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